Evolutionary Trends of The Hominid Pelvic-Bone aka The Iliac-Blade v. CoG Balance-for-Adaptive-Bipedalism and The Resultant Humans' Smaller Birth Canals, Shorter Gestation Periods-and-Immobile Premature Offspring / Monogamy and Menopause vis-à-vis Effective-Intensive Labor-Birth Traditions Ironing The Mechanical-Physical Stresses Effectuating Unnecessary Stuff Like Cesarian Operations

    Hi...........The hominid ILIAC-BLADE / PELVIS-BONE fossil-record-evidence indicates a trend towards a shorter-and-wider iliac-blade resulting in a shorter-but-broad bowl-like pelvis, a prerequisite for keeping the center-of-gravity stable while walking; with a drawback of their birth-canals becoming increasingly smaller than of their quadrupedal-ancestors / cousins, though it widened comparatively to

 .........from Australopithecines to Primitive / Archaic / Early-modern-man permitting the passage of newborns due to encephalization ; though the vaginal-widening is limited to the upper-portion since further widening would hinder normal bipedal-movement. This effectively means early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species including Sahelanthropus tchadensis,Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus / kadabba species had birth-canal sizes same as the quadrupedals like chimps, gorillas and orang-utans due to the long-iliac-blades and narrow-pelvises.

                  The becoming smaller of the birth-canal due to the shortening pelvis stimulated / enforced by a shortening-and-widening iliac-blade became an obstacle when encephalization begun in early humans which consequently prompted a shorter-gestation-period to accommodate / sustain or facilitate the passage of new-borns before the increase in prenatal   cranial size-and-volume became too much for the birth-canal to bear / sustain to pass-or-fit through; and the reason 

anatomically-modern-humans give birth to premature offspring unable to walk much before 12-months and got greater neoteny  compared to 

other primates motile at a much earlier age; which in turn effectively translated to mean  an increased-dependency of offspring on their mothers to close-the-gap on the completion of the increase postnatal-brain-growth-pattern in size-and-volume allowing for extended-periods of social-learning and language-acquisition in juvenile-humans; a phenomenon which in human-evolution had a big-effect upon the female-reproductive-cycle causing the evolutionary-adaptive-behavior of a more frequent appearance of monogamous-relationships in humans comparatively to other great-apes more deceitful and promiscuous as far as parental-investment goes due to the prolonged-infancy of offspring.

                   The anatomical / morphological and developmental-changes in the birth-canal becoming smaller due to the shortening-broadening bowl-like pelvis stimulated by evolutionary-pressure-conditions exerting forces shortening-and-widening the iliac-blade from its long-and-narrow length due to early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species ADAPTATION–OF-BIPEDALISM to keep the center-of-gravity stable while walking, a phenomenon characterizing human-evolution, in turn resulted in the adoption of delayed-human-sexual-maturity to allow for the optimization of maximum pelvis-bone and birth-canal sizes; a phenomenon which in turn again also led to the evolution-of-menopause; meaning once they begin giving birth / siring new-borns , the birth-canal and pelvis-bone stop growth- and-development stagnating at that size!

                     Now here’s the catch. The Turkana as televised in a documentary-broadcast not long ago still got some of their women-folk preferably give birth-at-home where according to custom-and-tradition, they’re captured revealing that such home-births OCCUR THROUGH-THE-REAR in a BOWED-POSITION / POSTURE, much like an ordinary animal anywhere on all-fours would ; whereby the newly born is supposed to kinda ‘DROP-WITH-a-THUD’ on ITS-BELLY mimicking the crawling-position on all-four-limbs. The logic is that jus’ like going for a long-call in a SQUATTING-POSITION facilitates the effectiveness-and-intensity of  EX CREATING-STOOLS / FECAL-MATTER, so does GIVING-BIRTH IN A SQUATTING-LIKE / BOWED-POSTURE INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS-and-INTENSITY of the processes of LABOR-and-GIVING BIRTH 

compounded by INTERNAL-VARIATIONS of the PELVIC-REGION-SIZES

 in anatomically-modern-humans Homo sapiens sapiens forcing some women to face the knife unnecessarily in CAESAREAN-OPERATIONS. The reason is that in a squatted-or-bowed position, that’s when the FEMUR/thigh-bone fits into its adaptively-evolved slightly more ANGULAR-POSITION to move the Center-of-Gravity into DIRECT-ALIGNMENT with the Geometric-Center-of-The Body which greatly reduces the MECHANICAL-and-PHYSICAL STRESSES associated with GIVING-BIRTH therefore optimizing the intensity-and-effectiveness of PASSAGE-of-NEWBORNS through the BIRTH-CANAL constrained by internal-variations of the pelvic-region in Homo sapiens sapiens. 

This is cause the fetal-head is naturally always in a transverse-position compared to the mother during entry into the birth-canal whereby it rotates about 90-degrees to face the mother upon exit ; which means that if the mother is in a squatted / bowed posture, rotating at about 90-degrees after entry into the birth-canal will leave the baby facing the opposite direction of the mother rendering both in a ‘ back-to-back’ positions requiring the baby to then customarily traditionally ‘land-on-its-belly’ on all-fours resembling the crawling-position

.............The length-and-breadth of the point is the morphology of anatomically-modern-humans is naturally-adapted to give-birth through the REAR /  SQUATTING / BOWED-POSITIONS like the rest of the animal-planet-kingdom; and that the ‘frontal-legs-spread-wide-apart’ in a SITTING-POSITION is not only cumbersome but UNNATURAL-ALTOGETHER and is merely an innovated, adopted-posture; going by the self-evident / speaking evidence of THE MECHANICAL-and-PHYSICAL STRESSES involved!

 Thus Man should face the reality, embrace our animal-heritage and accommodate it in medical-procedures in standard-labor-practices in hospitals worldwide and celebrate nature-and-evolution. Period .  Later, logistics

This post was first published on 

Sunday, October 22, 2017 at: ( https://erick-mango.blogspot.com/2017/10/prosecuting-raila-ex-treason-convict_22.html

Rewind Back One-Page Prelude: The Intrigues of Evolutionary Anthropology: (1.)-Introduction To The-Brain and Its Evolution / Encephalization V. Humanity’s Technological-Adaptations, Moral-Sensibilities, Language-and-Literacy (2.)-Anatomic and Genetic Constraints That Bar or Inhibit The Path To Effective Natural-Selection V. The Evolutionary-Genetic Pressure Mechanisms That Enhance-Selection (i.)-Sarcomeric Myosin Gene a.k.a. MYH16 Gene (ii.)-SRGAP2 Gene (iii.)-Olfactory-Receptor-Gene-Family The Discourse Continues To Lay Bare The Reality On The Truth of The Evolution of Life and Its Species Contrary To The Pathological, Mythological, Mystified, Superstitious, Fallacious Religious Beliefs Including Creationism So As To Free The Lost Sheep of Their Blind-Faith Chains of Such Religious dogmas By Lending More Credence and Threshold To The Hypothetical-Deductive Evidence of Evolutionary-Anthropology Studying The evolution of Human-Physiology and Behavior As Well As The Relationship Between Hominids and "Non-Human Hominid-Primates" To Showcase The PALEONTOLOGICAL-TRENDS Evidence Demonstrating A Successive Order To The Development of Life That In Its Diverse, Ingenuous, Myriad Forms Including The EVOLUTIONARY-PROCESS Leading To The Emergence of Anatomically-Modern-Humans With All his Complex, Advanced, Mental-Apparatus Faculties / Capacity Including His Moral-Sensibilities ORIGINATED NATURALLY From Natural Causes In ADAPTIVE-RADIATION From A "Common Biochemistry and Genetic-Code Ancestor"

           Otherwise, I jus’ wanna embark on this discourse to deliver a mind-boggling scientific investigative research comparative analysis study evidence showcasing that Man is jus’ a modified-animal for purposes of freeing the enslaved blind-faith masses of their religious bondage-chains so that they may awaken to the TRUTH measurable and testable by science and realize that there is no religion higher than the TRUTH which’s only provable by science and at the end of it all begin embracing their respective constitutions as sacred-texts.

                 Thus, summarily and briefly let me continue by saying that the increase in size and volume of the human-brain organ a.k.a. psychic-apparatus, i.e. its encephalization underpinned the evolution of humanity’s technological-adaptations including inventions, sophistications, developments, advances and elaborations of the same interpreted as a measure of human-intelligence; and at the same time also underpinned his moral-sensibilities including the pre-adaptation of speech, i.e. language and literacy following on rudimentary speech;

………all these occurring as a response to increased necessity for cognition, i.e. the set of all mental-processes / faculties / capacities a.k.a intelligence or creative synthesis which’s characterized by perception or comprehension all encapsulated in the mind which in turn facilitates the efficient operations of these mental-capacities and moral-sensibilities encompassed with the power and capacity to solve important problems of survival-and-reproduction across space and time.

                    This cognition jus’ like other organs and the immune-system is composed of a functional-structure which in turn also happens to be underpinned on a genetic basis meaning in essence that its development evolved by natural-selection and was thus provided-for or acquired by gradation in descent as one ancestral-hominid-fossil-species descended into the next generation even as human-society became more and more civilized, advanced and complex!

                     All these are captured in the hominid-fossil-biochemical record-evidence conjunctively with the archaeological material-culture record-evidence which outline the dual-inheritance-theory holding that genetic / biological and cultural evolution interacted in the evolutionary history of humanity; and that genes got an impact on cultural evolution via psychological predispositions on cultural learning which historically occurred through migrations as a result of war. That much said the hominid-dentition fossil-record-evidence indicates a long term trend towards smaller-molars as well as skull-expansion / encephalization [ and an overall decrease of robustness in morphology ] indicated / whereby the brains of early-bipedal-ancestral-hominid-fossil-species members of the Genus Homo including Homo habilis who evolved ca. 2.3 million years ago ………………later, logistics.      NB:This post was first published on Wednesday, September 13 2017 at: 

( https://erick-mango.blogspot.com/2017/09/prosecuting-raila-ex-treason-comvict.html )

The Mental-App(aratus) Psychic-Organ's Evolution / Encephalization Accruing Adaptations Technological, Moral-Ethical Sensibilities, Language-and-Literacy v. The Evolutionary Pressures Circumnavigating Anatomic-and-Genetic Constraints In Creation.

Now that it’s clear that COGNITION the set of all mental-faculties / processes is composed of a FUNCTIONAL-STRUCTURE, THE-BRAIN, a biological-organ, a psychic / mental-apparatus whose ENCEPHALIZATION / EVOLUTION, i.e. its increase in size and volume UNDERPINNED humanity’s TECHNOLOGICAL-ADAPTATIONS including inventions, developments, sophistication, advances and elaborations of the same {rd: invention of the wheel and its revolution from riding on horse-backs to horse-driven-chariots, to rocket-science and space-ships and space-tours,} as well as humanity's MORAL-SENSIBILITIES not forgetting LANGUAGE and LITERACY; IS IN TURN UNDERPINNED ON A GENETIC-BASIS meaning that THE BRAIN IS A GENETICALLY ENCODED / DETERMINED STRUCTURE whose powers and capacities were acquired by NATURAL-SELECTION through Adaptative-Gradation … a topic I’ll delve into in due course.

      Otherwise, I’ll continue with ANATOMIC / PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL-GENETIC CONSTRAINTS that bar or inhibit the path to effective natural-selection as well as the EVOLUTIONARY-GENETIC PRESSURE-CONDITION MECHANISMS that ENHANCE-SELECTION, i.e. increase the Effectiveness AND INTENSITY of PHENOTYPE-TRAITS rather than create new phenotypes and as such will delve on:

[a.]-SARCOMERIC MYOSIN GENE a.k.a. MYH16 gene and MANDIBULAR / MASTICATORY-MUSCLES,
[b.]-SRGAP2 GENE and NEURON-WIRING,
[c.]-The controversial OLFACTORY-RECEPTOR-GENE-FAMILY and COLOR-VISION. ...Later, logistics.


This post was first published on Thursday, September 21, 2017 at: (  ) https://erick-mango.blogspot.com/2017/09/prosecuting-raila-ex-treason-convict.html

The Intrigues of Evolutionary Anthropology: The Discourse Continues To Lay Bare The Reality On The Truth of The Evolution of Life and Its Species Contrary To The Pathological, Mythological, Mystified, Superstitious, Fallacious Religious Beliefs Including Creationism So As To Free The Lost Sheep of Their Blind-Faith Chains of Such Religious dogmas By Lending More Credence and Threshold To The Hypothetical-Deductive Evidence of Evolutionary-Anthropology Studying The evolution of Human-Physiology and Behavior As Well As The Relationship Between Hominids and "Non-Human Hominid-Primates" To Showcase The PALEONTOLOGICAL-TRENDS Evidence Demonstrating A Successive Order To The Development of Life That In Its Diverse, Ingenuous, Myriad Forms Including The EVOLUTIONARY-PROCESS Leading To The Emergence of Anatomically-Modern-Humans With All his Complex, Advanced, Mental-Apparatus Faculties / Capacity Including His Moral-Sensibilities ORIGINATED NATURALLY From Natural Causes In ADAPTIVE-RADIATION From A "Common Biochemistry and Genetic-Code Ancestor"

  

     PALEONTOLOGICAL-TRENDS indicate there's a successive order to the development of life demonstrating that  life in its diverse, ingenuous, myriad forms including the EVOLUTIONARY-PROCESS leading to the emergence of Anatomically-Modern-Humans  with all his complex, advanced, mental-apparatus faculties / capacity including his moral-sensibilities ORIGINATED NATURALLY 

from natural causes through NATURAL-SELECTION in ADAPTIVE-RADIATION by GRADATION from a "Common BIOCHEMISTRY-and-GENETIC-CODE Ancestor" to increasingly change and 

develop gradually from lower-primitive-forms to higher-complex-advanced forms in descent with modifications to new forms; in physiology, anatomy and behavior concurrently in The UPPER-PALEOLITHIC-REVOLUTION, through the process of evolution regulated by this NATURAL-SELECTION acting on distinct, beneficial phenotype-trait variations produced by accumulated-genetic-mutations, horizontal-gene-transfers and genetic-recombinations which consequently resulted in the INCREASED-GENETIC-VARIATIONS, illustrated by sequence-homology and analogous-traits in the BIOLOGICAL-TAXONOMIC-CLASSIFICATION of LIVING-THINGS; in the complex-continuous-changing conditions / pressures of NATURAL-ORGANISM-SPECIES'-POPULATIONS gradually over vast-ages spanning 4.5 billion years and extrapolating from micro- to macro-evolution creating new species in multiple steps as one-ancestral hominid-fossil-species evolved into the next descending generation due to the significance of ECOLOGICAL-FACTORS such as NICHE-OCCUPATION and BARRIERS-to-GENE FLOW arising from GEOGRAPHICAL-SEPARATIONS / ISOLATIONS preventing PROTO-POPULATIONS from exchanging genes with each other; and/or from DISCONTINUITIES AMONGST OTHER-TAXAS / SPECIES due to EXTINCTION-EVENTS …………all these courtesy of the MECHANISMS of GENETIC-MEMORY in MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY-INHERITANCE and COMMON-DESCENT TRAIT-INHERITANCE across space-and-time and hence confirming the VERIFIABLE SCIENCE of EVOLUTION 101% beyond reasonable doubt leaving no room at all whatsoever for superstitious, mystified, dogmatic, religious fallacies.

                Thus did the bio-cultural evolutionary-process leading to the
emergence of anatomically-modern-humans in the time-period spanning the stone ages between 2.5 million years ago and / up to 5000 BC demonstrate that the INCREASE in their BRAIN SIZE-and-VOLUME, i.e. ENCEPHALIZATION underpin the evolution of humanity's TECHNOLOGICAL-ADAPTATIONS including advancements, developments and elaborations of the same as well as humanity's moral-sensibilities 

including the PRE-ADAPTATION-of-SPEECH following on RUDIMENTARY-SPEECH. Thus, evolution through the process of  natural-selection by adaptation of distinct phenotype-traits equips organism-species with selective, reproductive and survival-fitness adaptive-performance-values which in turn cause the species to  evolve into forms better able to  effectively-and-intensely so, adapt, thrive and survive in a competition-struggle-for-the-fittest in the continuous-changing-complex-complex-conditions / pressures of natural-populations even as GENETIC-NATURE-POTENTIAL interacts with ENVIRONMENTAL-NURTURE-POTENTIAL so as to successfully settle-down in successive generations simply cause beneficial-mutations in their GENOTYPES across the GENOMIC-VARIATION of the DISTRIBUTION-of-DIVERSITY of the myriad, ingenuous life's ORGANISM-SPECIES were consistently selected-for accordingly with the GENETIC-MECHANISMS mentioned above.

          Thus, anatomic-and-physiological studies of form-and-function 

respectively reveal that  most aspects of human anatomy-and-physiology are 

CLOSELY-HOMOLOGOUS to CORRESPONDING-ASPECTS of animal anatomy-and-physiology; whereby 

human-physiology is defined as the science of the mechanical, physical, biochemical and bio-electrical functions of humans in good health, their organs and cell of which they are composed of. Hence, at this point I take the solemn opportunity to ask my fervent readers to read / goggle: 

Homosexual-Evolution AND SEE THE EVIDENT HOMOLOGOUS-ANALOGY 

between HUMAN-HOMINIDS and NON-HUMAN HOMINID-PRIMATES; then compare-and-contrast it with LAMU / BONDO-USENGE MIXED-ORIENTATION-MARRIAGES of THE MARRIED-BUT-GAY GLBTQ SECRET-SOCIETY including NIGERIAN-HAUSA BORI / YAN-DAU Cult as well as Prof. Wangari Maathai's book 'UNBOWED' revealed to me by turn-coat-comrade Eng. Emmanuel-Edger-Sirma WHO CONFESSED TO HAVING BEEN KISSED {AT LEAST ONCE} by a white-male in CARNIVORE-NAIROBI…. which speaks volumes together with the likes of George-Orwell's book 'ANIMAL-FARM' whose THEME-SLOGAN 'TWO-LEGS GOOD, FOUR-LEGS BAD' also speaks volumes jus' as well! Later, logistics.

              First published on Thursday, August 24, 2017 here at: https://erick-mango.blogspot.com/2017/08/prosecuting-raila-ex-treason-convict.html ]

 

Nextranalysiscop:- Swahili's "Ukitaka Kujua Wingi Wa Makamasi, Angalia Ukubwa Wa Mapua" : Typified Craniofacial Phenotype-Traits In Anthropometry ; Human-Variations v. IQ ; Morphological-Sub-Types, Sub-Species vis-à-vis The 3rd Sex / Lineage.

Posted:-Wednesday, October 24, 2018

Distinct genetically-expressed 'typified cranial-facial phenotype-traits' distinguishing sub-species members of an organism-species, and who're aka as lineages or morphological-sub-types, such as found within Homo sapiens including 'mandibular-&-dental' features incorporating nose-&-brain sizes, volumes and most importantly structures inversely-correlative and directly-proportional to IQ respectively, are so significant in anthropometry they're criteria in the biological taxonomic classification of the (A)-Order:- Primates dividing it into including:- 

                               (B)-Sub-Order:- Anthropoidea which's further divided into:- 

                               (C)-Two Infra-Orders:-

with the distinguishing phenotype trait zeroing-in on a definitive nose-structure:- 

                               (C1.)-Flat-Nosed Platyrrhine 'New World Monkeys' ; and 

                               (C2.)-Down-Nosed Catarrhine 'Old World Primates'... 

which diverges further into two Super-Families including:-

                               (C2a.)-Cercopithecoidea of 'Old World Monkeys' ; and 

                               (C2b.)-Hominoidea of 'All Apes'...including human-apes where we belong.

-The Swahili say "Ukitaka kujua wingi wa makamasi, angalia ukubwa wa mapua"...

Nextranalysiscope:- Tabula Rasas Reading From Different Scripts : Human-Evolution, Human Evolutionary History, Species, Sub-Species / Morphological Sub-Types vis-à-vis 'The 3rd Sex / Lineage ; Human Variations v. IQ.

                                                                               

  

Posted:-Wednesday, October 24, 2018

    Thus examples of morphological subtypes or subspecies aka lineages of the taxonomic-species of 'anatomically-modern-human ape-hominids' population binomially-termed Homo sapiens includes :- 

              (1.):-Homo sapiens sapiens ; 

              (2.):-Homo sapiens neanderthalensis ;

              (3.):-Homo sapiens denisova ;

              (4.):-Homo sapiens heidelbergensis ;

              (5.):-Homo sapiens floresiensis ;

              (6.):-Homo sapiens antecessor ; and 

              (7.):-Homo sapiens rhodesiensis 

    All these lineages are extinct 'cept for 'ours' Homo sapiens sapiens, being the sole extant (living) organism-species in the genus-Homo taxon ; for which we're highly genetically-homogenous as a result of our 'relatively recent uniform evolution' as a population sharing a last-common-ancestor... with small-clusters / groups of H. sapiens moving into new ecological-habitat-niche environments to accumulate heritable-variations leading to adaptive-divergence & speciation due to reproductive-isolations and/or geographic-separations preventing proto-populations from exchanging genes with each other...